The protocol works independently from the transport layer. The protocol is “message-based”, basically meaning the entities on a network exchange messages instead of “raw streams of data”. These messages can be transported in any possible way : Using the basic layers
- Via UDP : the most basic connection
- Via TCP : Basically UDP, but with quality assurance
Using the application layers:
- MQTT (Publish-Subscriber model)
- ZMQ (Publish-Subscriber, Push-Pull, Router-Dealer, etc…)
- WebSockets (RPC)
- HTTPS (RPC)
- GATT (BluetoothLE) (RPC)
- etc…
The protocol also works independently from the physical layers :
- 2G/3G/4G/5G
- WiFi
- Ethernet
- Bluetooth